Because of the problems with the Stainless Banner, the Third National Flag, was designed by an artilleryman, Major Arthur L. Rogers. According to Rogers, the white symbolized purity and innocence, and the red fortitude and courage. The cross of St. Andrew indicated descent from British stock, and the red bar was taken from the French flag, as many Southern were descended from French stock. The bill to change the flag was signed into law on 4 March 1865. The National Flag of the Confederacy was changed by the Confederate Congress on March 8, 1865.